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Application // 09

Carton and pallet verification

Unit counts in open cases, case and pallet labels, orientation, and the data link to your PLC, MES or WMS.

Technical review: Frank GuoReviewed

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// Short answer

A camera station at the end of the line can check that each case carries a readable label whose content matches the order or production data, that the case faces the right way, and, while the case is still open, that it holds the right number of units. It cannot count inside a sealed opaque case, and pallet label checks need labels in defined positions. Reading a barcode confirms its content; it does not grade its print quality.

// What it checks

What a carton and pallet station checks

Four checks, often split over several positions. Which you need is set at the sample test.

01 // Count

Units in an open case

Counts units or slots while the case is open and compares the result with the SKU count.

NeedsUnits visible from above, before the flaps close
02 // Label

Case and pallet labels

Label present on the expected face, readable, and carrying the content expected for that case or pallet.

NeedsA defined label face and position
03 // Orientation

Case orientation

Case the right way round before the labeller or palletiser, judged from label, print or flaps.

NeedsA visible difference between orientations
04 // Data

Match against expected data

Read content compared with the order, batch or pallet ID held by the PLC, MES or WMS.

NeedsAn agreed data source and message format

Where each check is feasible

Carton and pallet check feasibility by situation
SituationCamera checkConditions
Open case, one visible layerUsually feasible.Check after the case packer, before the sealer.
Open case, several layersTop layer only.Check each layer as it goes in, or weigh the case.
Sealed, opaque caseCount not feasible.Count before sealing or weigh. Labels and orientation can still be checked.
Case or pallet labelsUsually feasible.Labels on known faces and zones; cases singulated, pallets at a defined stop.
Cases inside a built palletNot feasible from outside.Only outer faces are visible; check cases before stacking.

We check what your case packer, labeller and palletiser produce. We do not supply that equipment, robot palletising or AMR transport.

// Limits

Where carton and pallet verification stops

We agree these boundaries before a project starts, so nobody expects the camera to do what it cannot.

Not covered by this station

  • Counting inside sealed cases. Count before sealing, or weigh the case.
  • Labels in random places. Labels anywhere on a wrapped pallet are not read reliably.
  • Wrong data at source. If the WMS or MES expects the wrong ID, the label matches it and the error passes.

Works reliably when

  • Cases arrive singulated. Gaps between cases and a known label face.
  • Label positions are fixed. The labeller places every label on the same face and zone.
  • Expected data arrives automatically. From the PLC, labeller, MES or WMS, not typed in at each order.
// Station layout

How the checks are laid out at the end of the line

Plan view of a typical arrangement. The real positions follow the site survey.

[Schematic]Plan view · not to scale

Swipe sideways to see the whole drawing →

Plan view of an end-of-line carton and pallet verification layout Open cases pass under a top camera that counts units before the existing sealer and labeller. A side reader then reads the case label and checks orientation, and a divert removes failed cases. Built pallets stop at a defined position where their labels are read. All readers exchange expected data and results with the PLC, MES and WMS. CASE FLOW → [1] TOP CAMERA · OPEN CASE [2] SEALER + LABELLER [3] SIDE READER · LABEL + ORIENTATION [4] REJECT / DIVERT PALLET STOP [5] PALLET LABELS [6] PLC · MES · WMS EXPECTED DATA ⇄ RESULT
[1] Top camera: counts units or slots in the open case before sealing.
[2] Sealer and labeller: your existing equipment.
[3] Side reader: reads the case label and confirms its face, which checks orientation.
[4] Reject or divert: removes failed cases, tracked by the PLC.
[5] Pallet label reader: reads pallet labels at a defined stop.
[6] PLC, MES, WMS: supply the expected data and receive every result.
// Pass and reject[Illustrative examples]

What a pass and a reject look like

Illustrations, not images from a real line.

ID: EXPECTEDREAD · MATCH
PASS
Example // Shipping case

Label matches

The label is on the expected face, the barcode reads, and its content matches the order held by the WMS.

READ: MATCHACTION: PASS
ONE SLOT EMPTY
SHORT
Example // Open case

One unit missing

The case holds fewer units than the SKU count. Caught before the sealer closes the flaps.

COUNT: ✗ BELOW SKU COUNTACTION: REJECT
ID: OTHERREAD · NO MATCH
MISMATCH
Example // Shipping case

Wrong label content

The label reads but carries an ID from another order, typical when a labeller queue gets out of step.

DATA: ✗ NO MATCHACTION: DIVERT / ALARM
// Data interface

Where the expected data comes from, and what happens on a mismatch

The camera reads; the comparison needs data from your systems. Changes on the MES or WMS side are made by your IT team or supplier.

Data exchange between the verification station and line systems
SystemRole in the check
Line PLCSelects the SKU recipe; receives pass, fail and no-read; runs the reject or stops the line.
LabellerSends the data it has just printed, so printed and read content can be compared.
MESHolds batch, order and expected count; stores the result per case.
WMSHolds the expected pallet ID; releases the pallet for dispatch only after a match.

On a mismatch or no-read, the case is diverted or the line stopped, or the pallet is held, and the image and reason are logged. Protocol support depends on the reader or controller model: HIKROBOT's catalogue lists protocols such as PROFINET, EtherNet/IP and Modbus on specific code reader models (vendor-stated). See PLC and reject integration.

// Acceptance

How the station is accepted

False rejects and missed faults pull against each other. We define both, and how they are measured, before FAT and SAT.

01

False reject rate

The share of correct cases or pallets rejected, measured on agreed good samples at line speed.

02

Missed fault rate

The share of short cases, wrong labels and reversed cases that pass, measured with seeded faults.

03

Data link failure

A test of what happens when the PLC, MES or WMS link drops: the station must hold product, not pass it.

// Before we start

What to prepare for the sample test

We check your own cases and labels before proposing a station. We confirm quantities and shipping with you first.

Sample preparation guide

Good samples

Packed cases and printed case and pallet labels from normal production.

Faulty samples

Short cases, wrong or damaged labels, labels on the wrong face, clearly marked.

Label specification

Label templates, barcode types and where each label goes on the case and pallet.

Data information

PLC, labeller, MES and WMS names, and example records of expected data.

// FAQ

Carton and pallet verification questions

Can a camera count the units inside a sealed case?
No. A camera cannot see through board or opaque film. Count while the case is open, or weigh the sealed case. Its label and orientation can still be checked.
How are pallet labels checked against the WMS?
A reader decodes the pallet ID, usually an SSCC, at a defined stop. The station or WMS compares it with the pallet expected there, and the pallet is released only on a match.
What happens when a label does not match or cannot be read?
A no-read is a fail, not a pass. The case is diverted or the pallet held, the image is logged, and an operator corrects it before it re-enters the flow.
Can the station check that both labels on a pallet carry the same ID?
Yes, if both labels are imaged, by two readers or at two stops. The reads are compared with each other and with the expected ID.
Does reading the label prove it meets GS1 or retailer print-quality rules?
No. Reading shows the barcode decodes with the right content. A print-quality grade needs a dedicated verifier, which we do not supply.
Where must the pallet labels be placed?
Where your customers require them; the GS1 Logistic Label Guideline gives placement recommendations. For the camera, what matters is that every pallet carries its labels on the same faces and zones.

Sources

  1. GS1: Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) (standards body page, checked 2026-09-24)
  2. GS1 Logistic Label Guideline (standards body page, checked 2026-09-24; label placement and verification sections)
  3. HIKROBOT Machine Vision Smart Product Catalog, 2025 Q4 (PDF) (vendor catalogue, checked 2026-09-24; code reader protocol rows)
// Carton & pallet verification

Request an assessment for this application

Tell us how cases and pallets are labelled and where the expected data is held, and send good and faulty samples. We will tell you what a station can check.

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